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Atkins Diet Research

by Tanya Zilberter, PhD

This is a supplement to the article: Opinions. Atkins vs. Quackwatch

    Text in green: Institution where the study has been conducted
    Text in red: My emphasis

Please note thatches data concern not Atkins but Ketogenic diet, which is more stringent, requiring protein limitation along with sever carbohydrate restriction, and limiting water intake to avoid ketone bodies dilution. However, even with these nutritional disadvantages (comparing with Atkins diet,) it doesn't look dangerous. Quite to the opposite, it can be curing for a range of ailments beyond epilepsy.

Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, Babies and Children's Hospital of New York: The Ketogenic diet: a practical guide for caregivers

    The Ketogenic diet has been in use for nearly 70 years . Our modified diet has been in use for more than 3 years at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center Babies and Children's Hospital of New York. The majority of parents and children find our diet more acceptable and/or more user friendly than other types of Ketogenic diets. Thus, compliance is better. The variety of foods offered is greater and provides a more normal diet than the other types of Ketogenic diets. In addition, the calculations for nutritionists are easier, and parents are able to adjust the diet without the fear that their child will lose ketones.
Journal of the American Dietetic Association., 98(3):316-21, 1998 Mar.

Centro Ricerche di Nutrizione Umana e Dietetica, Universita, Pavia, Italy: Drug resistant epilepsy treated with Ketogenic diet

    A 4-year old girl affected by intractable seizures was treated with Ketogenic diet. The child remained on the diet for 8 months and had a decrease in seizure frequency of 90%. No serious side effects were reported and it was possible to discontinue antiepileptic drugs. Our results confirm the efficacy of Ketogenic diet in the treatment of epilepsy. Since it is known that 20 to 30% of all patients with epilepsy do not have their seizures completely controlled with established antiepileptic drugs, it would be useful to increase the application of this dietetic treatment in selected patients in Italy as it already happens in other countries.

Recenti Progressi in Medicina, 88(2):77-9, 1997 Feb.

Kinderspital, Landeskrankenanstalten Salzburg, Osterreich: Diagnosis and therapy of mitochondriopathies.

    Defects of the mitochondrial energy production cab be expressed in many tissues and may lead to varioustypes of diseases. The application of various new therapeutic agents,such as antioxidants, radical scavengers and cofactors have not come toany persuasive clinical result. But there is a number of reports about somesuccessful treatment with coenzyme Q10, vitamin K3, vitamin C, riboflavin, thiamin,dichloroacetate, and ketogenic diet.
Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 109(3):93-9, 1997 Feb 14

Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland: The Ketogenic diet: 1997. [Review]

    The Ketogenic diet's current success rate, when properly executed,greatly exceeds that of the medications which have recently become available.Its side effects, both cognitive and allergic, appear fewer than most available medications. The mechanism of action of the Ketogenic diet appears torely on a fundamental change in the brain's metabolism from that of a glucose-based energy substrate to a ketone-based substrate. If we could understand how the Ketogenic diet "works," how changing from a glucose substrate' to aketone body substrate is anticonvulsant, then perhaps a medication couldbe developed that would simulate the biochemical effects of the Ketogenicdiet. The Ketogenic diet offers a new paradigm, and perhaps will stimulate new approaches.

Advances in Pediatrics, 44:297-329, 1997.

Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia:

    Regulation of GABA level in rat brain synaptosomes: effectsof glutamate, calcium, and ketone bodies. It is concluded that when levelsof ketone bodies increase, and maintain at a higher value, the synaptosomalcontent of GABA elevates, a phenomenon that may contribute to the beneficial effect of a Ketogenic diet in the treatment of epilepsy.

Journal of Neurochemistry, 67(6):2325-34, 1996 Dec.

Department of Applied Physiology Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland: Effect of low-carbohydrate-Ketogenic diet on metabolic and hormonal responses to graded exercise in men.

    Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and lactate threshold (LT) weremeasured during graded, incremental exercise in 8 healthy, untrainedvolunteers following 3 days on a Ketogenic (50% fat, 45% protein and 5% carbohydrates) diet. It is concluded that the short-term Ketogenic diet does not impair aerobic exercise capacity, as indicated by elevated VO2 max and LT.
Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 47(2):361-71, 1996 Jun.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA: Cognitive effects of Ketogenic weight-reducing diets.

To determine whether Ketogenic weight reducing diets have adverse effects on cognitive performance, 21 overweight women (mean BMI = 41 kg/m2)remained on the diet for 28 days and were reevaluated periodically with briefmeasures of cognitive performance assessing attention and mental flexibility. Performance on attention tasks did not differ as a function of the diet . However, performance on the trail making task, a neuropsychological test that requires higher order mental processing and flexibility, was adversely affected by the Ketogenic diet. The worsening in performance was observed primarily between baseline and week one of the Ketogenic diet.

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